The (rumoured) dungeons are:
Greatwing Dungeon - Sky of Hyrule - Wind Blight Ganon - Breath of Wind - Piloted by Reevali
Charscale Dungeon - Death Mountain Summit - Fire Blight Ganon - Breath of Fire - Piloted by Daruk
Dunepaw Dungeon - South Dragon's Exile - Dust Blight Ganon - Breath of Dust - Piloted by Niira (the Gerudo Girl)
Stormhoof Dungeon - Lake Altun Shore - Water Blight Ganon - Breath of Water - Piloted by Mipha
Temple of the Goddess - Necluda Spire - Malice
Hyrule Castle - Hyrule Castle - Calamity Ganon - Breath of Renewal
Along with the runes you get rune upgrades which extend the time limits some runes have or add power.
The rest of traditional Zelda items are weapons, there are several boomerang and hammer variations, and the hookshot might be replaced with a hook-arrow for use with the bow, as gameplay footage with the desert mount might imply. We're not entirely sure though.
This list sounds like bullshit for a couple of reasons.
First, when this leak happened it used the literal translation of the japanese names, despite claiming it came from the official guide.
Second, Famitsu described the Wind Blight Ganon fight, and claimed that a part of it was riding someone flying that gives you instructions (all signs point to the Rito guy), then jump off from him to shoot arrows from a vantage point. So he's clearly not piloting anything.
But it still could be true I guess. Just saying